The next morning, pull your dough out of the fridge and allow it to warm up a bit, about an hour depending on the temperature of your house. This is a good time to prepare the filling.
Roll dough out on a lightly floured surface into a rectangle that's roughly 12 x 18 inches. Spread with garlic butter, leaving about 1/2 inch space around all the edges. Sprinkle with cheese.
Starting on one of the long sides, roll the dough up just like you would a cinnamon roll. Start from the center and work out to the edges as you go, making sure to keep it fairly tight. Once fully rolled, pinch the seams together.
Using a sharp chef's knife or a bench scraper, slice the roll in half lengthwise almost to the top, exposing the interior swirl. Leave about an inch at the top so the roll is still one piece. Gently twist the two sides of the roll around each other to make a simple braid, tucking the end under.
Place one end of the twist down on a baking sheet lined with parchment paper. Swirl the twist around itself, making a simple spiral, and tuck the end under. Cover with a damp kitchen towel and allow to rest about 2 hours. Dough should rise and get puffy.
Place your dutch oven and lid in the oven and preheat oven to 450° F. When oven comes to temperature, carefully lift your parchment paper with your sourdough twist and lower it into the hot dutch oven. Cut away any excess parchment paper, put the lid back on, and bake covered for 25 minutes.
Remove lid from dutch oven and continue to bake uncovered for another 25 minutes, or until bread is golden and cooked through. The best way to tell if bread is done is to take its temperature with a meat thermometer - it should be about 205 - 215° F.
Remove from oven and gently lift bread out of dutch oven, using the parchment paper as handles. Allow to cool completely before slicing - if you slice into it too early, you could end up with a gummy texture!