Prep. Preheat oven to 350° F and line 2 baking sheets with parchment paper.
Make fir needle sugar. Place ¾ cup sugar and ¼ cup fir needles in a food processor and process until sugar turns green and aromatic and needles are mostly broken down, 2-3 minutes.
Scoop out ¼ cup of this fir needle infused sugar and set aside in a small bowl. You'll use this to roll the cookies in before baking.
Add 2 tsp orange zest to food processor and pulse a a few times to mix with remaining sugar.
Make cookie dough. In the bowl of a stand mixer fitted with the paddle attachment (or using electric beaters), cream 4 oz butter until soft, 30 seconds. Add fir needle/orange sugar; beat until well mixed and fluffy, about 1 minute.
Add 1 egg and 1 tbsp orange juice; mix well. Add 1 ¼ cup flour, ½ tsp baking soda, ½ tsp salt, and ½ tsp cardamom. Mix on low until just combined.
Roll in sugar. Scoop cookie dough into balls using a small (approx. 1 tbsp) scoop. Roll each cookie dough ball in the ¼ cup infused sugar that you set aside, tossing to coat all sides. Place about 2 inches apart on prepared baking sheets and flatten dough lightly with your hand or the bottom of a measuring cup.
Bake. Bake cookies until golden and set on the edges, about 9-11 minutes. Allow to cool a few minutes before removing from baking sheet.